Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso

Aime Severin Kima; Bene-WendeBernice Sandwidi; Moussa Waongo; Bruno Barbier; Etienne Kima; Yu-Min Wang

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15

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Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso

Aime Severin Kima

, Bene-WendeBernice Sandwidi

, Moussa Waongo

, Bruno Barbier

, Etienne Kima

, Yu-Min Wang^*

Published in American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 29 October 2025 Accepted: 27 November 2025 Published: 31 December 2025

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Abstract

Last decades, rainwater harvesting basins are promoted in Burkina Faso for securing rain-fed agriculture. However, sustainable water management is highly desired and crucial for agriculture in erratic climatic conditions exacerbated by soil degradation. In order to pinpoint suitable water depth optimizing sustainably land and water productivity while improving and/or maintaining soil fertility, an experiment was implemented in Gomtoaga village at Koubri district during two consecutive rain-fed cropping seasons (2023 and 2024). The study tested three irrigation water depths (D50%, D75% and D100%), representing 50%, 75% and 100% of the maize crop evapotranspiration (ETc), against a control of D0% through a randomized complete block design in three replications. The compost was applied at a rate of 7.5 t/ha during tillage and fertilizer NPK (14:23:14) and urea (46%) were applied respectively 15^th and 50^th days after transplanting. Irrigation was applied at two days interval in case of no rain. When rain occurred, irrigation was postponed to the following interval. The results revealed that soil chemical properties were not significantly affected by water fluctuation. No change was observed in pH, organic matter (%), C (%), N (%), P (mg/kg), K (mg/kg) and the ratio C/N in water treatments when compared to D0%. While the application of 100% ETc improved microbial biomass from 50%, the water level of 75% Etc increased the release of CO₂ from almost 99%. The optimal water depth (D50%) exhibited the highest yield (≈ 5957 kg/ha) with an increase of 24% compared to other treatments resulting in the highest water productivity (17 kg/m³) and the lowest irrigation cost (111 f cfa/kg of maize). We advocate farmers could adopt the compromise supplemental water level of 50% of ETc in rain-fed maize system as a water-wise tactic to secure sustainably the production when collecting rainwater surmounting drought spells in dry prone area.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15
Page(s)	219-231
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Supplemental Irrigation, Soil Fertility, Water Efficiency, Semi-arid Climate

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Kima, A. S., Sandwidi, B., Waongo, M., Barbier, B., Kima, E., et al. (2025). Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 11(4), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15

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Kima, A. S.; Sandwidi, B.; Waongo, M.; Barbier, B.; Kima, E., et al. Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2025, 11(4), 219-231. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15

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Kima AS, Sandwidi B, Waongo M, Barbier B, Kima E, et al. Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2025;11(4):219-231. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15,
  author = {Aime Severin Kima and Bene-WendeBernice Sandwidi and Moussa Waongo and Bruno Barbier and Etienne Kima and Yu-Min Wang},
  title = {Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {219-231},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20251104.15},
  abstract = {Last decades, rainwater harvesting basins are promoted in Burkina Faso for securing rain-fed agriculture. However, sustainable water management is highly desired and crucial for agriculture in erratic climatic conditions exacerbated by soil degradation. In order to pinpoint suitable water depth optimizing sustainably land and water productivity while improving and/or maintaining soil fertility, an experiment was implemented in Gomtoaga village at Koubri district during two consecutive rain-fed cropping seasons (2023 and 2024). The study tested three irrigation water depths (D50%, D75% and D100%), representing 50%, 75% and 100% of the maize crop evapotranspiration (ETc), against a control of D0% through a randomized complete block design in three replications. The compost was applied at a rate of 7.5 t/ha during tillage and fertilizer NPK (14:23:14) and urea (46%) were applied respectively 15th and 50th days after transplanting. Irrigation was applied at two days interval in case of no rain. When rain occurred, irrigation was postponed to the following interval. The results revealed that soil chemical properties were not significantly affected by water fluctuation. No change was observed in pH, organic matter (%), C (%), N (%), P (mg/kg), K (mg/kg) and the ratio C/N in water treatments when compared to D0%. While the application of 100% ETc improved microbial biomass from 50%, the water level of 75% Etc increased the release of CO2 from almost 99%. The optimal water depth (D50%) exhibited the highest yield (≈ 5957 kg/ha) with an increase of 24% compared to other treatments resulting in the highest water productivity (17 kg/m3) and the lowest irrigation cost (111 f cfa/kg of maize). We advocate farmers could adopt the compromise supplemental water level of 50% of ETc in rain-fed maize system as a water-wise tactic to secure sustainably the production when collecting rainwater surmounting drought spells in dry prone area.},
 year = {2025}
}

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T1  - Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso
AU  - Aime Severin Kima
AU  - Bene-WendeBernice Sandwidi
AU  - Moussa Waongo
AU  - Bruno Barbier
AU  - Etienne Kima
AU  - Yu-Min Wang
Y1  - 2025/12/31
PY  - 2025
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DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15
AB  - Last decades, rainwater harvesting basins are promoted in Burkina Faso for securing rain-fed agriculture. However, sustainable water management is highly desired and crucial for agriculture in erratic climatic conditions exacerbated by soil degradation. In order to pinpoint suitable water depth optimizing sustainably land and water productivity while improving and/or maintaining soil fertility, an experiment was implemented in Gomtoaga village at Koubri district during two consecutive rain-fed cropping seasons (2023 and 2024). The study tested three irrigation water depths (D50%, D75% and D100%), representing 50%, 75% and 100% of the maize crop evapotranspiration (ETc), against a control of D0% through a randomized complete block design in three replications. The compost was applied at a rate of 7.5 t/ha during tillage and fertilizer NPK (14:23:14) and urea (46%) were applied respectively 15th and 50th days after transplanting. Irrigation was applied at two days interval in case of no rain. When rain occurred, irrigation was postponed to the following interval. The results revealed that soil chemical properties were not significantly affected by water fluctuation. No change was observed in pH, organic matter (%), C (%), N (%), P (mg/kg), K (mg/kg) and the ratio C/N in water treatments when compared to D0%. While the application of 100% ETc improved microbial biomass from 50%, the water level of 75% Etc increased the release of CO2 from almost 99%. The optimal water depth (D50%) exhibited the highest yield (≈ 5957 kg/ha) with an increase of 24% compared to other treatments resulting in the highest water productivity (17 kg/m3) and the lowest irrigation cost (111 f cfa/kg of maize). We advocate farmers could adopt the compromise supplemental water level of 50% of ETc in rain-fed maize system as a water-wise tactic to secure sustainably the production when collecting rainwater surmounting drought spells in dry prone area.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Aime Severin Kima

Environment and Agriculture Research and Training Center of Kamboinsé, Environment and Agriculture Research Institute, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4974-7538
Bene-WendeBernice Sandwidi

High School of Sustainable Development, Yembila Abdoulaye Toguyeni University, Fada N’Gourma, Burkina Faso

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-1547-5677
Moussa Waongo

Training and Research Department, AGRHYMET Regional Center, Niamey, Niger

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6665-5623
Bruno Barbier

French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9196-7051
Etienne Kima

Directorate of Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-1750-0017
Yu-Min Wang

Department of Civil Engineering, National Pintung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5182-8842

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APA Style

Kima, A. S., Sandwidi, B., Waongo, M., Barbier, B., Kima, E., et al. (2025). Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 11(4), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15

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ACS Style

Kima, A. S.; Sandwidi, B.; Waongo, M.; Barbier, B.; Kima, E., et al. Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2025, 11(4), 219-231. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15

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AMA Style

Kima AS, Sandwidi B, Waongo M, Barbier B, Kima E, et al. Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2025;11(4):219-231. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15,
  author = {Aime Severin Kima and Bene-WendeBernice Sandwidi and Moussa Waongo and Bruno Barbier and Etienne Kima and Yu-Min Wang},
  title = {Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {219-231},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20251104.15},
  abstract = {Last decades, rainwater harvesting basins are promoted in Burkina Faso for securing rain-fed agriculture. However, sustainable water management is highly desired and crucial for agriculture in erratic climatic conditions exacerbated by soil degradation. In order to pinpoint suitable water depth optimizing sustainably land and water productivity while improving and/or maintaining soil fertility, an experiment was implemented in Gomtoaga village at Koubri district during two consecutive rain-fed cropping seasons (2023 and 2024). The study tested three irrigation water depths (D50%, D75% and D100%), representing 50%, 75% and 100% of the maize crop evapotranspiration (ETc), against a control of D0% through a randomized complete block design in three replications. The compost was applied at a rate of 7.5 t/ha during tillage and fertilizer NPK (14:23:14) and urea (46%) were applied respectively 15th and 50th days after transplanting. Irrigation was applied at two days interval in case of no rain. When rain occurred, irrigation was postponed to the following interval. The results revealed that soil chemical properties were not significantly affected by water fluctuation. No change was observed in pH, organic matter (%), C (%), N (%), P (mg/kg), K (mg/kg) and the ratio C/N in water treatments when compared to D0%. While the application of 100% ETc improved microbial biomass from 50%, the water level of 75% Etc increased the release of CO2 from almost 99%. The optimal water depth (D50%) exhibited the highest yield (≈ 5957 kg/ha) with an increase of 24% compared to other treatments resulting in the highest water productivity (17 kg/m3) and the lowest irrigation cost (111 f cfa/kg of maize). We advocate farmers could adopt the compromise supplemental water level of 50% of ETc in rain-fed maize system as a water-wise tactic to secure sustainably the production when collecting rainwater surmounting drought spells in dry prone area.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Supplemental Irrigation Water Management Using Rainwater Harvesting Basin for Improving Soil Fertility, Maize Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-arid Climate of Burkina Faso
AU  - Aime Severin Kima
AU  - Bene-WendeBernice Sandwidi
AU  - Moussa Waongo
AU  - Bruno Barbier
AU  - Etienne Kima
AU  - Yu-Min Wang
Y1  - 2025/12/31
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
SP  - 219
EP  - 231
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20251104.15
AB  - Last decades, rainwater harvesting basins are promoted in Burkina Faso for securing rain-fed agriculture. However, sustainable water management is highly desired and crucial for agriculture in erratic climatic conditions exacerbated by soil degradation. In order to pinpoint suitable water depth optimizing sustainably land and water productivity while improving and/or maintaining soil fertility, an experiment was implemented in Gomtoaga village at Koubri district during two consecutive rain-fed cropping seasons (2023 and 2024). The study tested three irrigation water depths (D50%, D75% and D100%), representing 50%, 75% and 100% of the maize crop evapotranspiration (ETc), against a control of D0% through a randomized complete block design in three replications. The compost was applied at a rate of 7.5 t/ha during tillage and fertilizer NPK (14:23:14) and urea (46%) were applied respectively 15th and 50th days after transplanting. Irrigation was applied at two days interval in case of no rain. When rain occurred, irrigation was postponed to the following interval. The results revealed that soil chemical properties were not significantly affected by water fluctuation. No change was observed in pH, organic matter (%), C (%), N (%), P (mg/kg), K (mg/kg) and the ratio C/N in water treatments when compared to D0%. While the application of 100% ETc improved microbial biomass from 50%, the water level of 75% Etc increased the release of CO2 from almost 99%. The optimal water depth (D50%) exhibited the highest yield (≈ 5957 kg/ha) with an increase of 24% compared to other treatments resulting in the highest water productivity (17 kg/m3) and the lowest irrigation cost (111 f cfa/kg of maize). We advocate farmers could adopt the compromise supplemental water level of 50% of ETc in rain-fed maize system as a water-wise tactic to secure sustainably the production when collecting rainwater surmounting drought spells in dry prone area.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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